兔圆小囊免疫功能及其与肠道粘膜局部免疫关系的研究 Ⅳ.实验性感染肠球虫兔的圆小囊上皮间淋巴细胞及杯状细胞定量观察

本研究对半月龄、５周龄和２月龄兔口服感染４种兔肠球虫后，圆小囊绒毛粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞以及圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞的数量变化情况进行了观察分析。结果表明：感染后，５周龄组第４天、第５天圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞、２月龄组绒毛粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞显著增加，其余组上皮间淋巴细胞同对照组相比，差异不显著。杯状细胞数量的变化呈现相对的不规律性：半月龄组和５周龄组圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间杯状细胞数量呈增加趋势，而在２月龄组和５周龄组绒毛粘膜上皮间杯状细胞数量则呈减少趋势。这些结果表明，圆小囊的局部细胞免疫机制可能在机体抗球虫免疫中起着非常重要的作用。     

Influence of the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal immunity of piglets

In a feeding trial, sows and piglets were fed with the probiotic bacterium Bacillus cereus var. toyoi as a feed additive, and the effects on immune cell populations were examined. The development of the gut immune system was determined for piglets at the ages of 14, 28, 35 and 56 days post partum. Tissue samples of the Jejunum and the continuous Peyer's patch were used for enumeration of intraepithelial lymphocyte populations by fluorescence activated flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Both independent methods of investigation led to similar results: the population of intraepithelial CD8+ T cells was significantly enhanced in the probiotic group piglets (p ≤ 0.05), and the numbers of γδ T cells tended to be higher in the intestinal epithelium (p < 0.1) at the time of weaning (day 28). Lamina propria lymphocytes were also influenced by the treatment. Application of B. cereus var. toyoi resulted in significantly more CD25+ lymphocytes and γδ T cells in the probiotic group post-weaning. The occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups was also less frequent in the feces of piglets from the probiotic group. The finding that the CD8+ T cell population in the intestinal mucosa showed changes on day 28 indicated that the influence of B. cereus var. toyoi supplementation on the intestinal immune system started before weaning, an observation supported by changes in the intestinal microflora observed during the suckling-period. The results suggest that feeding of B. cereus var. toyoi to sows may result in beneficial effects on piglet health status independent of their feed supplementation.     

r－球蛋白制剂对肉用雏鸡法氏囊发育影响的超微结构研究

为研究ｒ－球蛋白制剂对雏鸡法氏囊发育的影响，１４０羽２日龄ＡＡ肉鸡被随机等分为两组。试验组鸡分别在１、２和３周龄期注射血清ｒ－球蛋白，１０ｍｇ／羽。对照组不予注射。然后用透时电镜（ＴＥＭ）观察两组鸡法氏囊的形态结构。结果表明：试验组与对照组相比，２周龄期，法氏囊淋巴滤泡内淋巴细胞数量增加，核内常染色质、胞质内线粒体、溶酶体和糙面内质网均增加。３周龄期，中淋巴细胞比例增加、淋巴细胞分裂较快。４周龄期，淋巴滤泡内“冠区”结构明显，ＩＳＥ分泌功能活跃。提示ｒ－球蛋白制剂可能对雏鸡法氏囊发育和淋巴细胞的增殖与分化有促进作用。本文还对ｒ－球蛋白制剂增强幼禽抗病能力的作用机理进行了探讨。     

大蒜溶液对小鼠小肠黏膜结构、上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞的影响

用组织学和组织化学方法研究不同浓度的大蒜素溶液对小鼠小肠黏膜结构及部分黏膜免疫相关细胞分布与数量的影响.试验选用8周龄BALB/C雄鼠50只,分为5组,每组10只,每组分别饲喂5种不同浓度的大蒜素溶液,每天80ml,实验期为10天.结果显示,1%大蒜素溶液对小鼠小肠肠绒毛长度、V/C比值、黏膜厚度,黏膜免疫相关细胞数量影响最大,对改善和增强小鼠小肠的消化吸收功能,提高肠道的防御能力效果最佳.     

断奶对仔猪肠上皮间淋巴细胞、杯状细胞数量的影响

试验选用12窝0～56日龄仔猪,以断奶日龄为主要因素,随机分成17、21、28、35日龄断奶4个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复为一窝仔猪。试验期间,实行三阶段饲养,7日龄开始补饲,7～28日龄采食日粮Ⅰ,29～42日龄采食日粮Ⅱ,43～56日龄采食日粮Ⅲ。17日龄断奶组分别于断奶后12小时、4天、4天+1周、4天+2周,22、28日龄断奶组分别于断奶后12小时、1周、2周、3周,35日龄断奶组于断奶后12小时、1周、2周剖杀,每次每个重复分别剖杀1头;同时35日龄断奶组作为对照组,分别在17、21、28日龄断奶组剖杀时间点的相同日龄,每次每个重复也各剖杀1头,共计剖杀54头。剖杀取得的样品用于测定仔猪小肠上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量。结果表明:断奶日龄和日龄对仔猪小肠各段上皮间淋巴细胞数量、杯状细胞数量均有显著影响(P<0 05),28日龄断奶组仔猪小肠各段上皮间淋巴细胞数量显著高于其它3组(P<0 05),而21日龄断奶组仔猪小肠各段上皮间淋巴细胞数量显著低于其它3组(P<0 05)。断奶越早、日龄越小的仔猪肠上皮间杯状细胞数量显著升高(P<0 05)。     

Consecutive pathological and immunological alterations during experimentally induced swine dysentery - a study performed by repeated endoscopy and biopsy samplings through an intestinal cannula

The development of intestinal lesions after inoculation with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was followed by repeated endoscopy and biopsy sampling through a caecal cannula. Seven eight-week-old pigs were cannulated and inoculated, two were cannulated but not inoculated, and two pigs were inoculated but not cannulated. Endoscopy, biopsy, and blood sampling to determine SAA (serum amyloid A), haptoglobin, cortisol, and WBC counts were performed at scheduled time-points. At the third day of disease, endoscopy showed a hyperaemic, perturbed mucosa and excessive amount of mucus. Histologically, crypt hyperplasia, depletion of goblet cell mucus, and erosions were noted. Simultaneously, elevated acute phase proteins and circulating monocytes, and decreased number of intraepithelial CD3(+) cells were observed. After five days the pigs recovered. Intestinal lesions were demarcated and interspersed among apparently normal mucosa and blood parameters returned to initial values. Endoscopy through an intestinal cannula made it possible to follow the development of intestinal alterations in vivo and describe the sequential events during the course of swine dysentery. The number of animals used in a study could thus be minimised and the precision of the experiment increased.